Pat Lv4Posted 14 Sep 2022 08:40
  
You must identify throughput requirements for all applications that can benefit from maximized application layer throughput, such as file transfer and database applications. (Throughput is not important for all applications; for example, some interactive character-based applications don't need large screen updates.) Explain to your customer the factors that constrain application layer throughput, which include the following:

• End-to-end error rates

• Protocol functions, such as handshaking, windows, and acknowledgments

• Protocol parameters, such as frame size and retransmission timers

• The PPS or CPS rate of internetworking devices

• Lost packets or cells at internetworking devices

• Workstation and server performance factors:

- Disk-access speed

- Disk-caching size

- Device driver performance

- Computer bus performance (capacity and arbitration methods)

- Processor (CPU) performance

- Memory performance (access time for real and virtual memory)

- Operating system inefficiencies

- Application inefficiencies or bugs

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